Subscribe Now! National Geographic Magazine $15
Visit our Online Shops

Sign up for free

Newsletters

Once a month
get new photos
and expert tips.

Mola (Sunfish)
Mola mola

Photo: An ocean sunfish or mola
An ocean sunfish or mola
Photograph courtesy Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA

Mola (Sunfish) Profile

As gigantic as the ocean sunfish can be, it still seems like only half a fish.

Sunfish, or mola, develop their truncated, bullet-like shape because the back fin which they are born with simply never grows. Instead, it folds into itself as the enormous creature matures, creating a rounded rudder called a clavus. Mola in Latin means "millstone" and describes the ocean sunfish’s somewhat circular shape. They are a silvery color and have a rough skin texture.

The mola are the heaviest of all the bony fish, with large specimens reaching 14 feet (4.2 meters) vertically and 10 feet (3.1 meters) horizontally and weighing nearly 5,000 pounds (2,268 kilograms). Sharks and rays can be heavier, but they're cartilaginous fish.

Mola are found in temperate and tropical oceans around the world. They are frequently seen basking in the sun near the surface and are often mistaken for sharks when their huge dorsal fins emerge above the water. Their teeth are fused into a beak-like structure, and they are unable to fully close their relatively small mouths.

Ocean sunfish can become so infested with skin parasites, they will often invite small fish or even birds to feast on the pesky critters. They will even breach the surface up to 10 feet (3 meters) in the air and land with a splash in an attempt to shake the parasites.

They are clumsy swimmers, waggling their large dorsal and anal fins to move and steering with their clavus. Their food of choice is jellyfish, though they will eat small fish and huge amounts of zooplankton and algae as well. They are harmless to people, but can be very curious and will often approach divers.

Their population is considered stable, though they frequently get snagged in drift gill nets and can suffocate on sea trash, like plastic bags, which resemble jellyfish.

Fast Facts

Type: Fish
Diet: Omnivore
Average lifespan in captivity: Up to 10 years
Size: 11 ft (3.3 m)
Weight: Up to 5,000 lbs (2,250 kg)
Group name: School
Did you know? Ocean sunfish can become so infested with skin parasites, they will often invite small fish or even birds to feast on the pesky critters.
Size relative to a 6-ft (2-m) man:
Illustration of the animal's relative size

Multimedia

Fish Features

Photo: Humpback whale

Photo of the Day: Tall Tail

See how whales' tails are used for more than just propulsion in this photo from the waters of Hawaii.

Photo: Greenland shark

Photo of the Day: Cold Fish

Get a rare glimpse of the elusive Greenland shark, largest of all Arctic fish.

Other Bony Fish

Map: Locator map for the mola (sunfish)
 Mola (Sunfish) range

Special Advertising Sections

Photo: Horses and old barn

Enter Sweepstakes

Take a photographic journey through Montana and enter for a chance to win a trip for two!

Photo: Glass of water

Take Quiz

Eighteen percent of the world's population can't get safe drinking water. Test your water knowledge.

Fish Right Rail

Get the Latest Headlines

Photo: Grizzly bears

Make us your online news source.

Get Animal Pictures

Photo: Anemonefish

Get your daily dose of photos.

Bring Your Phone to Life

Image: Mobile phone and penguins

Put the sights and sounds of National Geographic on your mobile phone.

For Kids!

Photo: A cartoon dog

It's no stretch to find fun facts on our Kids site!

Shop National Geographic DVDs

Photo: Human Footprint DVD cover

Whatever your interest, you'll be entertained and educated with our collection of best-selling DVDs.