A brown pelican (<i>Pelecanus occidentalis</i>) photographed at Gladys Porter Zoo in Brownsville, Texas
A brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) photographed at Gladys Porter Zoo in Brownsville, Texas
Photograph by Joel Sartore, National Geographic Photo Ark

Pelicans

Common Name:
Pelicans
Scientific Name:
Pelecanus
Type:
Birds
Diet:
Carnivore
Average Life Span In The Wild:
10 to 25 years
Size:
Body: 5.8 feet; wingspan: 10 feet
Weight:
30 pounds

There are more than half a dozen species of pelicans, but all of them have the famous throat pouch for which the birds are best known. These large birds use their elastic pouches to catch fish—though different species use it in different ways.

Fishing and Behavior

Many pelicans fish by swimming in cooperative groups. They may form a line or a "U" shape and drive fish into shallow water by beating their wings on the surface. When fish congregate in the shallows, the pelicans simply scoop them up. The brown pelican, on the other hand, dives on fish (usually a type of herring called menhaden) from above and snares them in its bill. Pelicans do not store fish in their pouch, but simply use it to catch them and then tip it back to drain out water and swallow the fish immediately. The American white pelican can hold some 3 gallons of water in its bill. Young pelicans feed by sticking their bills into their parents' throats to retrieve food.

Pelicans are found on many of the world's coastlines and also along lakes and rivers. They are social birds and typically travel in flocks, often strung out in a line. They also breed in groups called colonies, which typically gather on islands.

These seabirds are threatened by chemical pesticides, such as DDT, which damaged the eggs of pelicans and many other species.

This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community.
This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. Follow us on Instagram at @natgeoyourshot or visit us at natgeo.com/yourshot for the latest submissions and news about the community.
Photograph by Linda-Mari Viljoen, National Geographic Your Shot

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